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KMID : 0369820170470010011
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Jorunal of Korean Pharmaceutical Sciences
2017 Volume.47 No. 1 p.11 ~ p.18
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Recent studies on micro-/nano-sized biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy
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Park Ok
Yu Gyeong-Hui
Jung Hee-Jung
Mok Hye-Jung
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Abstract
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To overcome the suppressive tumor microenvironment and boost the antitumor effect of the immune system, recent studies have focused on a diverse range of immune checkpoint molecules. Several immune checkpoint molecules are currently approved for clinical use, including immunotherapy using antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed cell death protein-1. Biomaterials such as particle-based systems, scaffolds, and conjugates have been harnessed to elevate the biological performance of immune modulators in vivo by enhancing their delivery efficiency and in vivo half-life. In particular, microparticles are advantageous for the sustained release of encapsulated immune stimulators and selective intracellular delivery to phagocytic APCs such as dendritic cells and macrophages for activation of cell-mediated immune responses through cytotoxic T cells. Nanoparticles have ideal properties for targeted delivery of immune-regulating molecules to tumor-draining lymph nodes after systemic injection. More recent therapeutic approaches, including combination therapy of immune checkpoint molecules with small molecular anticancer or anti-inflammation drugs, may help to broaden the range of current therapeutic targets and lower side effects. Taken together, particle-based biomaterials could enhance therapeutic outcomes of current biotherapies (antibodies, cells, and genes), and?more importantly?of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapies.
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KEYWORD
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Immunotherapy, Tumor microenvironment, Cancer, Macrophages, Dendritic cells, Checkpoint molecules
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